- ASN (Autonomous System Number)
- A globally unique 16-bit or 32-bit number identifying an independently managed network unit (such as ISP, cloud service provider, large enterprise), the most reliable dimension in IP attribution judgment.
- ISP (Internet Service Provider)
- Companies providing Internet access services to users, such as China Telecom, China Unicom, AT&T, Comcast etc.
- GeoIP (IP Geolocation)
- Technology to infer physical location through IP address, building databases based on BGP routing, WHOIS registration information and ISP address allocation records.
- Public IP
- IP addresses that can be globally routed on the Internet, uniformly allocated by IANA to RIRs, then hierarchically allocated to ISPs and end users.
- Private IP
- IP addresses used only within private networks, not routed on the public Internet, including three ranges: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16.
- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
- The core Internet routing protocol for exchanging routing information between different autonomous systems; IP attribution data mainly comes from BGP routing tables.
- RIR (Regional Internet Registry)
- Five regional organizations responsible for global IP address and ASN allocation: ARIN (North America), RIPE (Europe), APNIC (Asia Pacific), LACNIC (Latin America), AFRINIC (Africa).
- IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack
- Network environment deploying both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols simultaneously. With IPv4 address exhaustion, more and more services support both protocols.
- Datacenter IP
- IP ranges belonging to cloud service providers or data centers, typically used for servers rather than ordinary home users, often marked as high-risk sources in risk control.
- Residential IP
- IP addresses allocated to home broadband users, typically dynamically assigned by ISPs, with higher credibility than datacenter IPs in risk control.